[48], In September 2012, Bolivian President Evo Morales enacted a law to protect the dolphin and declared it a national treasure. The Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), also known as the boto, bufeo or pink river dolphin, is a species of toothed whale classified in the family Iniidae. Similarly, the female becomes a beautiful, well-dressed, wealthy-looking and young woman. The dolphin's dentition allows it to access shells of river turtles and freshwater crabs. In 2008, this species was ranked by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as being data deficient, due to the uncertainty regarding its population trends and the impact of threats. [23], Like other dolphins, river dolphins use whistling tones to communicate. The male takes the initiative by nibbling the fins of the female, but reacts aggressively if the female is not receptive. The issuance of these sounds is related to the time they return to the surface before diving, suggesting a link to food. [53], Amazon river dolphin skull (Inia geoffrensis), International Union for Conservation of Nature, Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Fauna and Flora, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T10831A50358152.en, "A New Species of River Dolphin from Brazil or: How Little Do We Know Our Biodiversity", "List of Marine Mammal Species & Subspecies", "Inia geoffrensis (Amazon River Dolphin, Boto, Boutu, Pink River Dolphin)", "List of Marine Mammal Species and Subspecies - Society for Marine Mammalogy", "First report of major histocompatibility complex class II loci from the Amazon pink river dolphin (genus, "Molecular identification of evolutionarily significant units in the Amazon River dolphin, "Sexual dimorphism and body scarring in the boto (Amazon River dolphin), "Zoo Duisburg trauert um einzigartigen Flussdelfin", "Ecological factors influencing group sizes of river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis and Sotalia fluviatilis)", "Object carrying as social–sexual display in an aquatic mammal", "Amazon river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) use a high-frequency short-range biosonar", "Photo-Identification - A Reliable and Noninvasive Tool for Studying Pink River Dolphins, Inia geoffrensis", "Fish and aquatic habitat conservation in South America: A continental overview with an emphasis on Neotropical systems", "Report on the working group on major threats and conservation", "Conflicts between river dolphins (Cetacea:Odontoceti) and fisheries in the Central Amazon: A path toward tragedy? However, it is classified as vulnerable in certain areas due to dams that fragment and threaten certain populations, and from other threats such as contamination of rivers and lakes. The Amazon river dolphin, also known as the pink river dolphin or boto, lives only in freshwater. [34][45] The use of the Amazon river dolphin carcass as bait for the piracatinga dates back to 2000. Scegli tra immagini premium su Amazon River Dolphin della migliore qualità. Inia geoffrensis boliviensis[6] has populations in the upper reaches of the Madeira River, upstream of the rapids of Teotonio, in Bolivia. [34] The carcasses are discarded, consumed, or used as bait to attract a scavenger catfish, the piracatinga (Calophysus macropterus). Jurassic delfini bianchi sono di tipo Cinese nome comune Tuku delfini, fiume becco delfino tursiope fiume habitat, delfini tipo Jurassic Nome latino Sotalia fluviatilis Nome inglese Before determining that the species had an evident sexual dimorphism, it was postulated that the river dolphins were monogamous. They come in all shades of pink, from a dull gray-pink, to rosy colored pink, to a bright pink like that of the flamingo. [16], Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana[6] are located in the Orinoco River basin, including the Apure and Meta rivers. [6], They are slow swimmers; they commonly travel at speeds of 1.5 to 3.2 kilometres per hour (0.93 to 1.99 mph) but have been recorded to swim at speeds up to 14 to 22 kilometres per hour (8.7 to 13.7 mph). [19], Usually, these dolphins are active and feeding throughout the day and night. The intervals between sightings ranged from one day to 7.5 years. The Amazon River Dolphin is also known as the boto or pink river dolphin due to its distinctive colouring. [37], In addition to attracting predators such as the Amazon river dolphin, these high-water occurrences are an ideal location to draw in the local fisheries. She goes to the house of a married man, places him under a spell to keep him quiet, and takes him to a thatched hut and visits him every year on the same night she seduced him. Amazon River Dolphin The Amazon River Dolphin is a group of dolphins that primarily dwell in the South Americas waters, especially in the Amazon river. This suggests that long periods of parental care contribute to learning and development of the young. Scarica subito la foto Amazon River Dolphin. This subspecies is restricted, at least during the dry season, to the waterfalls of Rio Negro rapids in the Orinoco between Samariapo and Puerto Ayacucho, and the Casiquiare canal. “So this is about 140 kilometers upriver, on the main stem of the Amazon in a side tributary. Therefore, the Bolivian river dolphin is currently recognized as a subspecies. It is found throughout much of the Amazon and Orinoco river basins in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela. [40][42][43] The negative reactions of the local fishermen are also attributed to the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources prohibition on killing the Amazon river dolphin, yet not compensating the fishermen for the damage done to their equipment and catch. [52] Local legends also state that the dolphin is the guardian of the Amazonian manatee, and that if one should wish to find a manatee, one must first make peace with the dolphin. WWF offices in Bolivia, Brazil, and Colombia coordinated a tri-national effort to tag and study river dolphins, applying satellite GPS technology to the task for the first time. [22] Pods as large as 37 individuals have been seen in the Amazon, but average is three. Anterior teeth are conical and later have ridges on the inside of the crown. [18] The flukes are broad and triangular, and the dorsal fin, which is keel-shaped, is short in height but very long, extending from the middle of the body to the caudal region. Several hundred were captured between the 1950s and 1970s, and were distributed in dolphinariums throughout the US, Europe, and Japan. [7][8], There is ongoing debate about the classification of species and subspecies, with large international bodies being in disagreement. The IUCN recognizes three subspecies:[9]I. g. geoffrensis (Amazon river dolphin), I. g. boliviensis (Bolivian river dolphin), and I. g. humboldtiana (Orinoco river dolphin);[6] while the Committee on Taxonomy of the Society for Marine Mammalogy only recognizes the first two of these. River dolphins are rather small, ranging in size from the 5-foot (1.5 m) long South Asian river dolphin to the 8-foot (2.4 m) and 220-pound (100 kg) Amazon river dolphin. Adult males reach a maximum length and weight of 2.55 metres (8.4 ft) (average 2.32 metres (7.6 ft)) and 185 kilograms (408 lb) (average 154 kilograms (340 lb)), while females reach a length and weight of 2.15 metres (7.1 ft) (mean 2 metres (6.6 ft)) and 150 kilograms (330 lb) (average 100 kilograms (220 lb)). There is significant segregation during the rainy season, with males occupying the river channels, while females and their offspring are located in flooded areas. [6], They are also distributed in the basin of the Orinoco River, except the Caroni River and the upper Caura River in Venezuela. The behavior is "triggered by an unusually large number of adult males and/or adult females in a group, or perhaps it attracts such into the group. There are five species of dolphins that make their homes in rivers, being the most popular of them the Pink Dolphins also known as Boto, Boutu or Amazon River dolphins as it inhabits the Amazon River. They have one of the widest ranging diets among toothed whales, and feed on up to 53 different species of fish, such as croakers, catfish, tetras and piranhas. They can also shake their fins, and pull their tail fin and head above the water to observe the environment. A series of recommendations were issued to ensure proper follow-up to the species, among which is the implementation and publication of studies on the structure of populations, making a record of the distribution of the species, information about potential threats as the magnitude of fishing operations and location of pipelines. [2][3] The three subspecies are distributed in the Amazon basin, the upper Madeira River in Bolivia, and the Orinoco basin, respectively. [8], In the Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Peru, photo-identification is used to recognize individuals based on pigmentation patterns, scars and abnormalities in the beak. It is a relatively abundant freshwater cetacean with an estimated population in the tens of thousands. As the water level begins to decrease, the density of food sources in flooded areas increases due to loss of space, providing enough energy for infants to meet the high demands required for growth. The myth has been suggested to have arisen partly because dolphin genitalia bear a resemblance to those of humans. Lactation takes about a year. It is a relatively abundant freshwater cetacean with an estimated population in the tens of thousands. Mercury pollution from small-scale gold mining activities are one of the main threats to the Bolivian river dolphin, a subspecies of the Amazon river dolphin. These observations suggest that the Amazon river dolphin is found in higher density than any other cetacean. According to a previous assessment by the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission in 2000, the population of botos appears great and there is little or no evidence of population decline in numbers and range. ", "Bolivia enacts law to protect Amazon pink dolphins", "Myths And Legends of the Amazon's Pink River Dolphin", "Amazon river dolphin love fetishes: From folklore to molecular forensics", Convention on Migratory Species page on the Amazon Dolphin, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amazon_river_dolphin&oldid=999842489, Taxa named by Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking reliable references from June 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 06:23. [51] These may or may not be accompanied by the intervention of a shaman. It has a melon on the head, the shape of which can be modified by muscular control when used for biosonar. Amazon River Dolphin Titolo cinese Cetacei Famiglia cinese Famiglia dei delfini Cinese nome del genere. Washington, DC 20037. It is one of two river dolphins found in South America, both of which are in the family Iniidae. The body of this mammal is long and plump, whereas the fins remind paddles by their shape. [17], The texture of the body is robust and strong but flexible. Others believe the myth served (and still serves) as a way of hiding the incestuous relations which are quite common in some small, isolated communities along the river. Helping them to hunt and feed, Amazon River dolphins have lithe, manoeuvrable bodies. [4][6], Amazonian rivers are often very murky, and the Amazon river dolphin is therefore likely to depend much more on its sense of echolocation than vision when navigating and finding prey. [20][better source needed] An individual named Baby at the Duisburg Zoo, Germany, lived at least 46 years, spending 45 years, 9 months at the zoo. This suggests fierce competition for access to females, with a polygynous mating system, though polyandry and promiscuity cannot be excluded. Most of the scientific community accepted this single species classification, as does the IUCN. [51] In the area, tales relate it is bad luck to kill a dolphin. [34] The data do not fully represent the actual overall number of deaths of the Amazon river dolphins, whether accidental or intentional, because a variety of factors make it extremely complicated to record and medically examine all the carcasses. EXPERIENCE THE AMAZON LIKE NEVER BEFORE! They are derived from Sotalia guianensis, are most likely harvested along the coast and the Amazon River delta, and then are traded up the Amazon River. However, dolphins in captivity may not show the same behavior that they do in their natural environment, where they have been reported to hold the oars of the fishermen, rub against the boat, pluck underwater plants, and play with sticks, logs, clay, turtles, snakes, and fish. [38][39][40][32][41][42][43][44] The local fishermen overfish and when the Amazon River dolphins remove the commercial catch from the nets and lines, it causes damages to the equipment and the capture, as well as generating ill will from the local fishermen. [32][35][36] Várzea consists of muddy river waters containing a vast number and diversity of nutrient rich species. [18][49], In 2018, the species was listed on the Red list of endangered species. [27] By sending out clicks of lower amplitude only nearby objects will cast back detectable echoes, and hence fewer echoes need to be sorted out, but the cost is a reduced biosonar range. Originally, the Amazon river dolphin belonged to the superfamily Platanistoidea, which constituted all river dolphins, making them a paraphyletic group. [22] In their freshwater habitat they are apex predators and gatherings depend more on food sources and habitat availability than in oceanic dolphins where protection from larger predators is necessary. This underworld place is said to be 'Atlantis-like Paradise', yet no one has come back from it alive. Apparently, there is little competition for food between these species, as each prefers different prey. [25] The abundance of distinct fish species lures the Amazon River dolphin into the várzea areas of high water occurrences during the seasonal flooding. The length of its fins allows the animal to perform a circular movement, allowing for exceptional maneuverability to swim through the flooded forest but decreasing its speed.[19]. Gestation is estimated to be around eleven months and captive births take 4 to 5 hours. [32][33] One of these ecosystems is a floodplain, or a várzea forest, and is home to a large number of fish species which are an essential resource for human consumption. Scegli tra immagini premium su Amazon Dolphin della migliore qualità. Donations are tax-deductible as allowed by law. The period of birthing coincides with the flood season, and this may provide an advantage because the females and their offspring remain in flooded areas longer than males. Cyclical changes in the water levels of rivers take place throughout the year. According to the pink Amazon river dolphin myth, it is said that this creature takes form of a human and seduces men and woman to the Underworld of Encante. The pink river dolphin is now endangered. The prey size is between 5 and 80 centimetres (2.0 and 31.5 in), with an average of 20 centimetres (7.9 in). Acoustic analysis revealed that the vocalisations are different in structure from the typical whistles of other species of dolphins. In inland cities far from the coast, many, if not most, of the fetishes are derived from domestic animals such as sheep and pigs. The maximum range of motion was 220 kilometres (140 mi), with an average of 60.8 kilometres (37.8 mi). [44], Of the 15 dolphin carcasses found in the Japurá River in 2010–2011 surveys, 73% of the dolphins were killed for bait, disposed of, or abandoned in entangled gillnets.